The challenge extends beyond just comparing natural to pharmaceutical
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Importantly, GLP-1RAs do not exert direct immunosuppressive effects but instead modulate inflammatory pathways indirectly through metabolic and cellular mechanisms, supporting a favourable safety profile when used alongside bDMARDs
The underlying premise is that adiposity drives multiple disease states, and treating the metabolic root can improve outcomes across all of them
CONCLUSIONS CONFLICTS OF INTEREST In the last 5 years Adie Viljoen has received lecture honoraria and/or travel support and/or conducts clinical trials funded by: Amarin, Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingleheim, Daiichi-Sankyo, Lilly, Menarini, NewAmsterdam, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Takeda, and Tosoh