Subcutaneous Injection Protocol Subcutaneous administration deposits glutathione into the fatty tissue layer between skin and muscle, typically in the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm
"It is particularly prevalent in high rainfall areas (450mm rain per year), where improved, irrigated or fertilised pastures can grow rapidly, such as a spring flush." Symptoms of clinical deficiency in young livestock include scouring
Whereas plain glutathione must be broken down by enzymes to the basic amino acid components for absorption into the cell requiring more energy expenditure to be re-constructed back to reduced glutathione (rGSH)
Kynurenic acid is thought to have protective effects on mitochondrial respiration, whereas accumulation of quinolinic acid is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction (71)
large-scale clinical trials are lacking, and findings show dose- and context-dependent variability (U-shaped dose-response curve in some cases)